Equation Reference

This section collects reusable notation and derived expressions shared across user and developer guides.

Symbols

Symbol	Description
\(A_z\)	Out-of-plane component of the magnetic vector potential
\(\mathbf{B}\)	Magnetic flux density \((B_x, B_y, 0)\)
\(\mathbf{H}\)	Magnetic field intensity
\(\mu_0\)	Vacuum permeability
\(\mu_r\)	Relative permeability
\(\mu = \mu_0 \mu_r\)	Absolute permeability
\(\nu = 1/\mu\)	Magnetic reluctivity
\(\mathbf{M}\)	Magnetisation vector
\(J_z\)	Impressed current density along \(z\)
\(J_{m,z}\)	Magnetisation-induced bound current density

See Electromagnetics and Motor Models for derived identities grouped by topic.